INTRODUCTION

Management is necessary for all the organisations irrespective of its size, nature and functions. The concept of management is not restricted to business organisation but not even non-business organisation needs to manage its functions. Management is a pervasive and universally accepted function.

No organisation can work smoothly and efficiently without management.

Few examples are:

•  Infosys has become a leading IT Company due to managerial efficiency of Narain Murthy and his managerss
• HCL has grown into a big and famous company because of its management.
• Wipro is running successfully due to managerial efficiency of Assem Premjee and his group of managers.
• Pepsi, Coke, Reliance are running due to efforts of management.

Management is essential for all types of organisations i.e business as well as non-business and when we talk management it, includes series of activities performed by managers by working at different levels.

1.1

Concept Of Management (Meaning and Definition)

To understand the concept of management we must know the meaning of management.

Management is defined differentyly by different authors.

Traditionally Management was Defined as 

1 "Management is the art of getting work done through others".

                                                                                                             Mary Parker Follet

2 "Management consists of getting things done through others". A manager is one who accomplishes       organisational objectives by directing the efforts of others.

                                                                                                            C.S George

The Traditional Viewpoint of management is considered inappropriate in the present day environment where workers are educated and have higher level of aspirations. In present day environment it is not possible  to direct the efforts of employees by force. It is necessary to create an environment so that employees perform in a desired manner ; on the other hand,traditional definition does not define functions of management.

Definition by different authors {Modern Concept}

1 "To manage is to forecast, to plan to organize, to command, to coordinate and to control".

2 "Management is the creation of an internal environment where individuals working in a group can perform effectively and efficiently for the achievement of organisational goal".

3 "Management is establishing an effective environment for people operating in a formal organisational group".

                                                                                                     Koontz and O'Donnel    

4 "Management is the art of knowing exactly what you want your men to do and then seeing that they do it in the best and cheapest way".

                                                                                                    James  L. Ludney

5 "Management is the co-ordination of all resources through the process of planning, organizing, directing and controlling in order to attain stated objectives".

                                                                                                    F.W. Taylor

6 "Management is the process by which a co-operative group directs actions of others towards common goals".

                                                                                                     Marrie and Douglas

Modern Concept of Management

According to modern concept "management is a process of getting things done with the aim of achieving goals effectively and efficiently".

Modern definition insist on  :

1. Process: Process refers to the series of steps or basic functions necessary to get the things done. These steps are planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling.

2. Effective and efficient performance: Modern concept of management says that employees must be effective as well as efficient. Effectiveness refers to completion of work or achievement of target on time. Efficiency refers to optimum utilization of resources or no wastage of resources, both are must for every organization ; for example, if the annual target of a worker is to produce 1000 units of output, the employee achieves this target by wasting various resources and by mishandling the machinery then the organization will have no benefit so only effectiveness is not required. It must be accompanied by efficiency.

3: Achievement of group, common or organisational goal: The modern concept of management insist that all the functions and activities of managers must be directed towards the achievement of organisational goal  and this goal should be the goal of every employee and must be considered as group or common goal.